BRAIN-MACHINE tritaghiaccio INTERFACE | Open Science - Science Journal Monthly Online Just thinking

BRAIN-MACHINE tritaghiaccio INTERFACE | Open Science - Science Journal Monthly Online Just thinking about a technology that allows you to control a robot imagine. The new brain-machine interface, brain implants to the principle of formability and will help us to control the robot will examine how. Although tritaghiaccio that can be controlled by mind power generation systems are the engineers, scientists and science-fiction writers adorn their dreams, even though it was ten years ago this technology, but in reality it could be approached. That's why Brain-Machine Interface (BMA, Brain-machine interface) called and neuroscience, robotics, artificial tritaghiaccio intelligence, covering death star ice cube maker many areas such as multi-disciplinary field that is still in infancy tritaghiaccio can say their lives. Counted up the road, it will try to reach the goals astonishing sex. Short-term goal of this research to transform ideas into action, in particular death star ice cube maker to facilitate the lives of paralyzed people wheelchairs, prosthetic organs, ensure that they are able to control computers and robots. But of course this is a start: to be placed in long-term brain (implanted) devices, sensory, mental and mobility to enrich. tritaghiaccio In this article, first the history of BMA, BME major methods used and present the latest technological developments will examine in the light of prosthetic and robotic applications. History of Brain-Machine Interface In 1969 the first steps BMA, was taken by Eberhard Fetz [1]. Professor Fetzer has focused their experiments tritaghiaccio on monkeys. Motor cortex of the brain called the planning and execution of movement through electrodes placed in the center, was examined activity in the brains of monkeys. Through this technique exhibits a neuron activation for a period of time as long as this electrode creates a small electrical current and connected to the other can be observed on a monitor, and these signals audible. The principle of the experiment, the monkeys when they see or hear these signals was taught to react. For this, the mental activities on their own, meaning a sort of feedback signals death star ice cube maker to detect the monkey was given an award. death star ice cube maker Monkeys in a very short time to deliberately activate tritaghiaccio certain neurons, and thus learned death star ice cube maker to win as many awards. Fetzer's experiments tritaghiaccio showed that this magnificent, beyond our brain, our body can teach you how to control an external device. death star ice cube maker In the 80s the neuro-prosthetic (neuroprosthetics) applied medical science first began to see examples. In this process, instead of the brain is damaged or missing areas of artificial devices were produced to be used. Today, the treatment that is being adopted all over the world, which can be described as a bionic death star ice cube maker ear cochlear implants (cochlear death star ice cube maker implant) or severe deafness due to patients who completely can hear again (Figure 1). One of these patients needs, damaged nerve endings. Having a shorter history death star ice cube maker of other types of prosthetic implants death star ice cube maker or retinal visual prosthesis (Figure 2). These implants are also known by the name of bionic eye. Serves to stimulate the nerves in these devices suffer from progressive blindness, damaged photoreceptor cells has been developed for patients. Basically, the operation of the device, based on image recognition and nerve transmission. death star ice cube maker In 1999, John Chapin death star ice cube maker their experiments with laboratory rats and in rats as a result tritaghiaccio of a simple robotic devices can be controlled using only their brains had a great impact in the world of science [2]. In this experiment, susan download using paws of rats that there was a lever mechanism. This mechanism is triggered by a robotic arm toward tritaghiaccio a reed mouth and in this way serves to approximate their thirst was relieved. This animal is attached to a brain implant to record brain activity in the motor cortex and was working to interpret. death star ice cube maker Using this apparatus, rats downloads without having to physically handle, so just thinking about downloading arm, the robot arm cane ensure that they play right into their mouths. Perhaps an object death star ice cube maker with the power of scientific thought rats of the first living being that can play an interesting death star ice cube maker footnote in history must have been dropped. death star ice cube maker BMA no longer be applied to practical life, seeing the world of science began to give impetus to research. After 2000 scientists of rats, monkeys and humans tritaghiaccio computer cursors and robotic prostheses that can be used in real-time systems using brain signals made the launches. Type resounded in the following sections death star ice cube maker will discuss several applications. Methods used in Brain-Machine Interface Follow BME electrode system types according to where they are also changing. death star ice cube maker tritaghiaccio In some electrodes death star ice cube maker to monitor the frequency of firing of neurons are implanted into the brain. Other methods death star ice cube maker that were placed on top of the skull of six electrons and brain
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